An Overview of Companies in Turkey:

• Licensing and establishing companies in Turkey in all their types, obtaining all the licenses needed to legally start your business in Turkey, registering products and obtaining the international coding (barcode) for your products, and everything related to the legal matters concerning companies and the commercial registry — this article is a reference in itself, for you to draw from it all the information you're looking for before starting your commercial or industrial business. There may be some differences depending on the city or the municipality your place of business falls under, but overall the principle is one and indivisible.. 

• A: There are many types of companies in Turkey; we'll mention the most common and most frequently used ones in Turkey.

• The private company, also called the sole proprietorship (şahıs şirketi), which is the simplest, easiest, and least costly and complex, and is recommended for people with simple businesses that don't need large numbers of employees or workers.

• The limited liability company (Limited Şirket), which is the second tier of companies, involving more employees than the private company and covering multiple types of business such as import, export, manufacturing, etc. It includes multiple partners.

• The joint-stock company, also called Anonim Şirket, which is at the level of multinational global companies and can include an unlimited number of companies under it. It includes an unlimited number of shareholders rather than partners. It is the most complex and most costly in terms of establishment and procedures.

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• · There are other special types that there's no need to mention due to how rarely they are requested and how uncommon they are — they can actually be grouped under one of the previously mentioned types: private company, limited liability company, or joint-stock company.

• The Private/Sole Proprietorship Company — Required Documents, Details, and Costs (costs are approximate and may increase or decrease)

• The documents required for establishment and to start the official licensing process in Turkey with Hallak Turkey are very simple: a rental contract for the location, whether it's an office, a shop, a commercial storefront, a warehouse, or a residence if the company operates on a home-office basis. Note: you must bring a correct utility bill for the address and make sure it's accurate — correcting it later is costly and involves lengthy procedures. In addition to that: the foreigner's passport or the Turkish national ID card for a Turkish citizen, the Turkish residence permit of whatever type, and the personal tax number. The license holder is required to personally attend the notary's office (noter/kâtip bi'l-adl) to carry out the power of attorney for establishing the company — details that only Hallak Turkey will explain and walk you through.

• In brief, the license is based on three fundamentals, or three sections: - The tax section, also known as the tax plate/tax board. - The commercial section, which is the commercial registry or the chamber of commerce or the professional chamber the activity falls under. - The municipal section, or the municipal license, which is the final stage.

  • The stages mentioned above take place in the following order: first, the commercial registry or the professional chamber the activity falls under; followed by the tax section, or the procedures at the tax office to issue the tax plate; and after that, the work residence permit or work permit is obtained (to learn about the documents required to obtain a work residence permit or work permit, you can check the dedicated article on our website) in order to complete the municipal license.

  After completing the procedures above, you can start your business without any problems at all. If any of the above is missing, the license is considered incomplete and exposes you to financial penalties, which are considered very high compared to the overall cost of the license — meaning that just one violation, in value, is actually greater than the cost of the license itself.

  Costs range from 300 US dollars and can reach up to 900 US dollars; the cost depends on the location, the rental value, the area, the type of activity, and the specific details of the company. The completion time ranges from three days to a month and a half, depending on the municipal district the company's location falls under.

  As for the monthly costs and expenses, they are divided as follows: financial advisor (accountant) fees, starting from 40 US dollars and reaching more than 150 dollars depending on the company's activity and the amount of work required from the advisor. Rental value tax, calculated at approximately 30% of the monthly rental value, paid once every 3 months. Basic taxes, ranging between 10–30 US dollars monthly. The value-added tax amount depends on the number and type of invoices issued monthly and has no fixed amount — it is the largest sum paid monthly. Social security, starting from an amount of 100 US dollars monthly and increasing depending on the pension value allocated for the employee; for the company owner, it is roughly fixed at a value of 100 dollars monthly.

1. If the retail sale or piece-by-piece sale item is included, you will be required to purchase a special cash register device called a "Yazar kasa," which is the same device used for card payments, and it is not required if sales are wholesale only.

2. The private company has capital, and a commercial bank account can be opened in the company's name.

3. A piece of information relevant to any type of company: the capital must be cycled through the company's account at least once within the first two years of establishment.

4. It is not required to deposit the capital directly into the company's account unless otherwise requested — this may be requested while applying for a residence permit or work permit, in which case it is sufficient to deposit a quarter of the capital registered in the official documents.

5. A fire extinguisher of a size appropriate to the area of the licensed property is required (a fire extinguisher cylinder); it may not be required if the property already has a fire suppression system in place.

6. Can the private company be closed?

   -Yes, it is possible, and the procedures are simple, done within just a few days: paying off debts and having an inspection of the company's premises to confirm it has been closed.

7. Why choose Hallak Turkey Services Company to establish my company and start my business in Turkey?

   -Hallak Turkey Services Company is the oldest and most experienced in the service and consulting field — we condense years of experience for you.

   -All the sufficient and complete information before establishment — whether regarding taxes, how the process works, and assigning a financial advisor, whether Turkish or one who speaks Arabic or English, for easy communication.

   -Following up with the client after licensing and completing all procedures related to work licenses, work residence permits, or registration in the social security program for Turkish employees.

   -Helping the client get started and understand the target Turkish or foreign market, through our knowledge and experience, and providing all the necessary recommendations to get started.

   -Helping find workers or employees to work for them, whether foreign or Turkish.

   -Standing by the client to complete the procedures and specific requirements of certain municipalities in order to grant the licenses needed to start industrial or commercial activities.

   -Providing all logistical support in terms of having an online presence, through specific recommendations regarding the website and some well-known online selling platforms.

   -Support in preparing the premises needed to start the business, whether the necessary modifications and decor, printed materials, or even securing the supplies needed for the business.

   -By choosing Hallak Company, you are choosing an outstanding package of services, not just a single service.